🐍 In Python, almost everything is an object: numbers, strings, functions, and classes too. Understanding this idea helps explain behaviors that otherwise seem magical.
Every object has a type. The object class is the common base, and every class is an instance of type, the default metaclass. Even type is an instance of itself: a circular relationship explicitly implemented in CPython.
The article also explains how Python looks up attributes on an object, its class, and base classes. Methods work through descriptors: a function defined in a class can become a method bound to an object when accessed from an instance.
Finally, type can create classes dynamically from a name, base classes, and an attribute dictionary. The class keyword is essentially a convenient way to express that operation.
💡 Explanation in a nutshell#
Imagine every object carrying a label that identifies its type. Classes carry labels too, and that label is type. Python reuses the same structure for values and classes, enabling flexibility through metaclasses, descriptors, and dynamic type creation.
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